Wellington Weta
Observed on cereal baits (Wakelin 2000)- The amount of 1080 required to poison is high (LD50 91 mg/kg) (Eason et al. 1997) therefore death by 1080 poisoning is unlikely in relation to the concentration of 1080 in bait
- Non-lethal exposures showed that 1080 persisted for up to 2 weeks (Eason et al. 1997)
- Effects of non-lethal exposure on behaviour are unknown
Wakelin M. 2000. Invertebrates seen on cereal baits: A study of video and manual observation methods. 137, 1-35. Science for Conservation, Department of Conservation, Wellington.
Eason CT., Wickstrom M., Gregory, N. 1997. Product stewardship, animal welfare and regulatory toxicology constraints on vertebrate pesticides. New Zealand Plant Protection Society Proceedings 50, 206-213.
Auckland Tree Weta
Observed on cereal (Wakelin 2000; Sherley et al. 1999) and carrot baits (Sherley et al. 1999)- Will consume dry toxic cereal bait resulting in altered behaviour or death (Hutcheson 1989)
- Non-toxic doses of 1080 drop rapidly (>90%) by 6 days (low levels still present at 2 weeks) (Eason et al. 1993b)
- Low levels of 1080 detected up to 4 weeks after aerial cereal bait drop (Eason et al. 1993b)
- No mortality measured after aerial carrot operation and numbers increased in 2 yrs after operation (Powlesland et al. 2005)
- Lives in the trees therefore, unlikely to come into contact with ground baits (Powlesland et al. 2005) but observed on cereal and carrot baits placed in trees (Shrubshall 1999).
Wakelin M. 2000. Invertebrates seen on cereal baits: A study of video and manual observation methods. 137, 1-35. Wellington, Department of Conservation. Science for Conservation.
Sherley G., Wakelin M., McCartney J. 1999. Forest invertebrates found on baits used in pest mammal control and the impact of sodium monofluoroacetate ("1080") on their numbers at Ohakune, North Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 26, 279-302.
Hutcheson J. 1989. Impact of 1080 on weta populations. S5020/560, 1-7. Rotorua, Forest Research Institute.
Eason CT., Gooneratne R., Wright GRG., Pierce RJ., Frampton CM., 1993b. The fate of sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) in water, mammals, and invertebrates. New Zealand Plant Protection 46, 297-301.
Shrubshall C. 1999. Use of 1080 baits by invertebrates in the forest sub-canopy, Lenz Reserve, Catlins. 1-40. University of Otago.
Powlesland et al. 2005 (PDF 503 KB)
Cave Weta
Low levels of 1080 detected in tissues up to 2 weeks after cereal operation (Eason et al. 1993b)- 1080 measured in tissue 8 days after cereal baits were placed out in the field (Lloyd & McQueen 2000)
- No effect of carrot aerial operation on number of weta living in artificial refuges (Powlesland et al. 2005)
- Hand application of 1080 bait had no effect on individually-marked weta (Spurr & Berben 2004).
Eason CT., Gooneratne R., Wright GRG., Pierce RJ., Frampton CM. 1993b. The fate of sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) in water, mammals, and invertebrates. New Zealand Plant Protection 46, 297-301.
Lloyd BD., McQueen SM. 2000. An assessment of the probability of secondary poisoning of forest insectivores following an aerial 1080 possum control operation. New Zealand Journal of Ecology 24, 47-56.
Powlesland et al. 2005 (PDF 503 KB)
Spurr & Berben 2004 (PDF 491 KB)
Beetles
Most abundant class of invertebrate seen on cereal baits placed out in the field after 8 days (Lloyd & McQueen 2000)\- 2nd most abundant class of invertebrate observed on cereal and carrot baits in the field (Sherley et al. 1999)
- Low levels of 1080 measured in blended samples containing beetles, and other insects, after 14 days exposure to 2 toxic cereal pellets in an enclosure (Pierce & Montgomery 1992)
- 1080 pest control had no identifiable effects on beetle community (Hutcheson 1996).
Lloyd BD., McQueen SM. 2000. An assessment of the probability of secondary poisoning of forest insectivores following an aerial 1080 possum control operation. New Zealand Journal of Ecology 24, 47-56.
Sherley G., Wakelin M., McCartney J. 1999. Forest invertebrates found on baits used in pest mammal control and the impact of sodium monofluoroacetate ("1080") on thier numbers at Ohakune, North Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 26, 279-302.
Pierce RJ., Montgomery PJ. 1992. The fate of birds and selected invertebrates during a 1080 operation. 121. Wellington, Department of Conservation.
Hutcheson, J. 1996. Characterisation of insect communities of tawa forest in the Onaia ecological area using malaise trapped beetles, and indications of influences, including 1080 operations, on these communities. 1-238. University of Waikato.
Snails and Slugs
Common snail very tolerant to 1080 but they do take up 1080 from the soil (O’Halloran & Jones 2003)- 14 genus (types) observed on cereal and carrot baits in the field (Sherley et al. 1999)
- No 1080 detected in kauri snail after exposure to toxic cereal baits (Pierce & Montgomery 1992)
- No effect of aerial carrot operation on slug numbers occupying artificial refuges (Powlesland et al. 2005)
- Number of slugs unaffected by simulated aerial application of 1080 baits (Spurr & Berben 2004).
O'Halloran K., Jones D. 2003. Regulatory requirements for 1080 - Soil ecotoxicity assessment. LC0203/078, 1-31. Lincoln, Landcare Research
Sherley G., Wakelin M., McCartney J. 1999. Forest invertebrates found on baits used in pest mammal control and the impact of sodium monofluoroacetate ("1080") on their numbers at Ohakune, North Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 26, 279-302.
Pierce RJ., Montgomery PJ. 1992. The fate of birds and selected invertebrates during a 1080 operation. 121. Wellington, Department of Conservation.
Powlesland et al. 2005 (PDF 503 KB)
Spurr & Berben 2004 (PDF 491 KB)
Woodlice
A common invertebrate observed on non-toxic cereal baits laid in the field (Wakelin 2000)- Observed more on carrot baits than cereal baits (Sherley et al. 1999).
Wakelin M. 2000. Invertebrates seen on cereal baits: A study of video and manual observation methods. 137, 1-35. Wellington, Department of Conservation. Science for Conservation.
Sherley G., Wakelin M., McCartney J. 1999. Forest invertebrates found on baits used in pest mammal control and the impact of sodium monofluoroacetate ("1080") on thier numbers at Ohakune, North Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 26, 279-302.
Bees
Bee kills have been reported in early formulations of paste and gel baits containing 1080 (Goodwin & Ten Houten 1991; Morgan 1995) but improvements in bait technology have reduced the risk considerably (Goodwin & Ten Houten 1991; Morgan 1995).
Goodwin RM., Ten Houten A. 1991. Poisoning of honey bees (Apis mellifera) by sodium monofluoroacetate (1080). New Zealand Journal of Zoology 18, 45-51.
Morgan DR. 1995.Identification of 1080 paste suitable for use in the presence of bees (314/92). LC9596/03, 1-20. Lincoln, Landcare Research New Zealand. Landcare Research Contract Report.