Laboratory Tests
1080 added to water in 80L aquaria. After 24 hours, 70% of the 1080 had biodegraded. No 1080 detectable after 100 hours. At these levels a 60kg person would have to drink 200 000L at one time, and a 25kg dog would have to drink 2900L at one time, to obtain a fatal dose (Eason et al. 1993)- 1080 added to 80L aquaria, with aquatic plant Elodea canadensis and microorganisms present. For streamwater held at 21°C, biodegradation of 1080 was completed within 2-6 days (Parfitt et al. 1994)
- 1080 added to water in 2L aquaria, with an endemic NZ aquatic plant, Myriophyllum triphyllum, present. After 2 days at a water temperature of 21°C, and after 4 days at a water temperature of 7°C, 1080 had biodegraded (Ogilvie et al. 1995)
- 1080 added to water in 2L aquaria with an endemic NZ aquatic plant, Myriophyllum triphyllum, present. At a water temperature of 21°C, 1080 had biodegraded to low or non-detectable levels by 17 days (Booth et al 1999)
- In a laboratory flow tank, submerged 1080 baits fragment in 3-4 days. Half of the 1080 is gone from the baits after 5 hours, and 90% is gone after 24 hours (Suren 2006)
- 1080 biodegrades more slowly at cooler water temperatures (Ogilvie et al. 1995; Ogilvie et al 1996)
Eason CT., Goonerate R., Wright GR., Pierce R., Frampton CM. 1993. The fate of sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) in water, mammals, and invertebrates. Proceedings of the 46th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference 1993: 297-301
Parfitt RL., Eason CT., Morgan AJ., Wright GR., Burke CM. 1994. The fate of sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) in soil and water. In: Seawright AA., Eason CT. (Eds.), Proceedings of the science workshop on 1080 Royal Society of New Zealand, Wellington, pp.59-66
Ogilvie SC., Bowen LH., Eason CT. 1995. The effect of the plant Myriophyllum triphyllus and temperature on the degradation of sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) in an aquatic system. Proceedings of the 48th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference 1995: 260-263
Ogilvie SC., Hetzel F., Eason CT. 1996. Effect of temperature on the biodegradation of sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) in water and in Elodea canadensis. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 56: 942-947
Booth LH., Ogilvie SC., Wright GR., Eason CT. 1999. Degradation of sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) and fluorocitrate in water. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 62: 34-39
Suren AM. 2006. Quantifying contamination of streams by 1080 baits, and their fate in water. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 40: 159-167
Field Monitoring
Aerial 1080 drop, Blackstone Hill, Central Otago. Streams within the operation area monitored for 4 weeks. Only 2 of 29 streams showed minimal detectable levels of 1080, and after 4 days no 1080 was detectable (Eason & Hamilton 1994)- Aerial 1080 drop, Waipoua Forest Sanctuary and Rangitoto Island. Surface and ground water monitored for 4 months. No 1080 detected in any water (Eason et al. 1992)
- Aerial 1080 drop, Tararua Forest Park. Waterways monitored for 4 months. No 1080 detected (Meenken & Eason 1995)
- Aerial 1080 drop, Woodside and Mt Taranaki. Waterways monitored for 4 months. No 1080 detected in waterways at Woodside. No 1080 detected from 144 samples, and no quantifiable 1080 detected in another 18 samples at Mt Taranaki (Parfitt et al. 1994)
Hamilton DJ., Eason CT. 1994. Monitoring for 1080 residues in waterways after a rabbit-poisoning operation in Central Otago. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 37: 195-198
Meenken D., Eason CT. 1995. Effects on water quality of a possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) poisoning operation using toxin 1080 (sodium monofluoroacetate). New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 29: 25-28
Parfitt RL., Eason CT., Morgan AJ., Wright GR., Burke CM. 1994. The fate of sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) in soil and water. In: Seawright AA., Eason CT. (Eds.), Proceedings of the science workshop on 1080 Royal Society of New Zealand, Wellington, pp. 59-66
Eason et al. 1992 (PDF 46 KB)
Aquatic Plants, Myriophyllum triphyllum and Elodea canadensis
Endemic New Zealand aquatic plant, Myriophyllum triphyllum
- Laboratory experiment with stream water and endemic New Zealand aquatic plant in 2L aquaria at 7°C and 23°C. A maximum 1080 concentration of 25ppb was found after 24 hours for both temperatures. Average concentrations fell below the minimum detection limit after 3 days at 23°C, and after 13 days at 7°C (Ogilvie et al. 1995)
Ogilvie SC., Bowen LH., Eason CT. 1995. The effect of the plant Myriophyllum triphyllum and temperature on the degradation of sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) in an aquatic ecosystem. Proceedings of the 48th NZ Plant Protection Conference 1995: 260-263
Introduced aquatic plant, Elodea canadensis
- Laboratory experiment with stream water and aquatic plant in 80L aquaria at 11°C and 21°C. A maximum 1080 concentration of 0.08µg/ml was found after 24 hours for both temperatures. After 192 hours, no 1080 was detected at 21°C, but traces of 1080 were still present at 11°C (Ogilvie et al. 1996)
Ogilvie SC., Hetzel F., Eason CT. (1996) Effect of temperature on the biodegradation of sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) in water and in Elodea canadensis. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 56: 942-947